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10.3 Color Utilities in R. R has a number of utilities for dealing with colors and color palettes in your plots. For starters, the grDevices package has two functions. ColorRamp: Take a palette of colors and return a function that takes valeus between 0 and 1, indicating the extremes of the color palette (e.g. See the gray function). ColorRampPalette: Take a palette of colors and return a. Similarly, you can choose which plots to show or hide by using indices for the fig.keep option. For example, fig.keep = 1:2 means to keep the first two plots. There are a few shortcuts for this option: fig.keep = 'first' will only keep the first plot, fig.keep = 'last' only keeps the last plot, and fig.keep = 'none' discards all plots. You can use negative indices, too. For example, echo = -2 means to exclude the second expression of the source code in the output. Similarly, you can choose which plots to show or hide by using indices for the fig.keep option. For example, fig.keep = 1:2 means to keep the first two plots. There are a few shortcuts for this option: fig.keep = 'first' will only keep the first plot, fig.keep.

The aim of this article is to show how to modify the title of graphs (main title and axis titles) in R software. There are two possible ways to do that :

• Directly by specifying the titles to the plotting function (ex : plot() ). In this case titles are modified during the creation of plot.
• the title() function can also be used. It adds titles on an existing plot.

The following arguments can be used :

• main: the text for the main title
• xlab: the text for the x axis label
• ylab: the text for y axis title
• sub: sub-title; It’s placed at the bottom of x-axis

The following parameters can be used to change the colors :

• col.main: color the main title
• col.lab: color of the axis titles (x and y axis)
• col.sub: color of the sub-title

Note that, the different colors available in R software are described here.

The graphical parameters to use for customizing the font of the titles are :

• font.main: font style for the main title
• font.lab: font style for the axis titles
• font.sub: font style for the sub-title

The value of these arguments should be an integer.

The possible values for the font style are :

• 1: normal text
• 2: bold
• 3: italic
• 4: bold and italic
• 5 : Symbol font

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Use the R code below to create a plot title with bold and italic font style.

font size can be modified using the graphical parameter : cex. The default value is 1. If cex value is inferior to 1, then the text size is decreased. Conversely, any value of cex greater than 1 can increase the font size.

The following arguments can be used to change the font size :

• cex.main : text size for main title
• cex.lab : text size for axis title
• cex.sub : text size of the sub-title

An example is shown below :

title() can be also used to add titles to a graph.

A simplified format is :

Example of usage

Note that, the R par() function can be used to change the color, font style and size for the graph titles. The modifications done by the par() function are called ‘permanent modification’ because they are applied to all the plots generated under the current R session.

Read more on par() by clicking here.

This analysis has been performed using R statistical software (ver. 3.1.0).

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